Until vs By: What's the Difference?
What's the Difference?
Until indicates that an action will continue up to a certain time, while by specifies that the action must be completed no later than that time.
Memory Tip: until = ongoing till end, by = deadline set
until /ʌnˈtɪl/
prepositionUp to the time or event when something happens.
Example:
I will wait here until the rain stops, then we can go for a walk.
Common patterns:
until + time
until + event
by /baɪ/
prepositionUsed to show how something is done or the location of something.
Example:
You should submit your assignment by Friday to avoid a late penalty.
Common patterns:
by bus
by car
by /baɪ/
adverbUsed to show how something is done or who does something.
Example:
You should submit your assignment by Friday to avoid a late penalty.
Common patterns:
by car
by chance
by mistake
Common Mistakes
Please submit your report until Friday.
Please submit your report by Friday.
The report needs to be completed no later than Friday.
She will stay at the office by 6 PM.
She will stay at the office until 6 PM.
Her presence at the office will continue up to 6 PM.
Quick Practice
0/3 correct1. I will wait here ____ the rain stops, then we can go for a walk.
2. You should submit your assignment ____ Friday to avoid a late penalty.
3. You should submit your assignment ____ Friday to avoid a late penalty.
Other Confusing Words
Never confuse until / by again
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